In this scenario, we have an increase in the use of distributed resources - distributed generation, demand management, electric vehicles, batteries - worldwide. These, in turn, enable greater operational flexibility, can reduce system stress, have the potential to reduce operating costs and increase supply reliability in an environmentally responsible manner. The implementation of these pillars of a new energy policy requires a deep understanding of how the tension between economic efficiency and recovery of the cost of utilities will be addressed by all stakeholders, so that new business models emerge and the much feared death spiral is not realized. Thus, policy makers and regulators need to prepare for this incredible ongoing revolution, despite the still small expansion of the resources distributed in the Brazilian electricity system. The demand response is much discussed in academia and among the sector's agents; however, the efforts are punctual and still insufficient. Solar generation has been more encouraged from a provisional measure establishing net metering, despite the existing debate in Europe, USA and even in Brazil about an adequate system of incentives. Urban mobility, with the objective of adapting to environmental protocols, is also increasingly "electric and intelligent".
Climate change, environmental issues and increasingly rapid technological advances are driving the growth of unconventional energy resources (solar and wind) in the energy mix in countries around the world. The use of these resources poses numerous challenges. Additionally, driven by technological advances, the electricity system is undergoing a digital revolution, with disruptive potential, where the grid needs to accommodate a two-way flow of energy throughout its chain.